Diversity of bird agroforestry species in Sapen Nusantara Conservation Park of Mount Arjuno, Pasuruan
Abstract
The Sapen Nusantara Conservation forest park is agroforestry that has certain vegetation. The vegetation in Sapen Nusantara Protected forest park seems to support the existence of birds as wildlife that need a living habitat. The existence of bird species in Sapen Nusantara Protected forest park is very important in supporting agroforestry vegetation. However, until now the diversity of bird species there has not been identified and recorded properly. The forest is one of the buffer forests of Mount Arjuno protection forest, so the ecosystem must be maintained. This study aims to analyze the diversity of bird species in the agroforest forest area in Sapen Nusantara Conservation forest park, Ledug Village, Pasuruan. The research was conducted in July 2021 using the direct observation method (point count) on ecotourism routes by calculating and recording the trails traversed using GPS, sampling by observing walking along the path/road accompanied by predetermined observation points, identification based on MacKinnon et al., (2010) and information on the status of its protection. Data analysis used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, and species richness index. The results of the study identified 18 bird species from 16 families with a total of 169 individuals. Of all the birds found, 18 species are listed in IUCN status, and 4 are listed in the protected status PP No. P.106 of 2018 and 3 species are listed in the CITES category Appendix II. It is known that the Shannon diversity index (H'=2,547) is in the medium diversity category. species evenness index (E=0.9) with a high evenness category and stable community. Then the specific wealth index (R=3.31) with the category of species richness is classified as medium. The presence of birds in the Sapen Nusantara conservation park forest indicates that the ecosystem in the forest is still maintained and this cannot be separated from the role of the community, especially the Ledug Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH), which manages and maintains the forest.
References
Alghifari, M. K., Mardiastuti, A., & Mulyani, Y. A. (2021). Patch size does not always indicate bird species diversity: Case in peri-urban tropical habitat in Riau, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 948(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012028
Ayat, A., & Tata, H. L. (2015). Diversity of birds across land use and habitat gradients in forests, rubber agroforests and rubber plantations of North Sumatra. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research, 2(2), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2015.2.2.103-120
Eddy, S., Mutiara, D., Mediswati, R. Y. T., Rahman, R. G., Milantara, N., & Basyuni, M. (2021). Short communication: Diversity of bird species in air telang protected forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(12), 5274–5279. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d221206
Fauzan, H., Herdiawan, B., & Musthofa, M. (2018). Potensi jalur pendakian gunung Welirang via Tretes sebagai birdwatching tourism. Sains dan Matematika, 6(2), 43–49. https://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/sainsmatematika/article/view/17238
Hakim, L., Abdoellah, O. S., Parikesit, & Withaningsih, S. (2020). Impact of agricultural crop type and hunting on bird communities of two villages in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210109
Hendrayana, Y., Sudiana, E., Adhya, I., & Ismail, A. Y. (2022). Bird diversity in three ficus species in the Kuningan lowland forest, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(5), 2255–2261. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230502
Hiola, A. S., & Bachtiar. (2018). Keanekaragaman spesies burung di lanskap agroforestri Ilengi. Gorontalo Journal of Forestry Research, 1(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.32662/gjfr.v1i1.77
Husodo, T., Mochtan, K. P., Shanida, S. S., Aminuddin, S. F., Wulandari, I., Putra, I. S., & Megantara, E. N. (2020). Avian diversity in geothermal power plant areas: Case studies in Kamojang, Darajat, and gunung Salak, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(3), 1049–1059. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210327
Ikerismawati, S., Ainiyah, R., Wibisono, M., & Diono, Y. (2019). Keanekaragaman arthropoda permukaan tanah pada vegetasi yang berbeda di hutan Sapen kecamatan Prigen kabupaten Pasuruan Jawa Timur. In Laporan Akhir Penelitian.
Imron, M. A., Campera, M., Al Bihad, D., Rachmawati, F. D., Nugroho, F. E., Budiadi, B., Wianti, K. F., Suprapto, E., Nijman, V., & Nekaris, K. A. I. (2022). Bird assemblages in coffee agroforestry systems and other human modified habitats in Indonesia. Biology, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11020310
Iswandaru, D., Novriyanti, N., Banuwa, I. S., & Harianto, S. P. (2020). Distribution of bird communities in University Of Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(6), 2629–2637. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210634
Jorgensen, S. E., Constanza, R., & Xu, F.-L. (2005). Handbook of ecological indicators for assessment of ecosystem health. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446247501.n1193
Kaban, A., Mardiastuti, A., & Mulyani, Y. A. (2017). Response of bird community to various plantation forests in gunung Walat, West Java, Indonesia. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 24(2), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2017.08.006
Krebs, C. J. (2014). Ecology: The experimental analysis of distribution and abundance (Sixth Edit). Pearson Education Limited. https://doi.org/10.2307/1296598
Krisanti, A. A., Choirunnafi, A., Septiana, N. O., Pratama, F. W., Amelia, F., Manjaswari, A., Septiningtyas, P. A., Wati, A. S., Satria, J. Y., Ani, I. L., Wibowo, T., & Sugiyarto. (2017). The diversity of diurnal bird species on western slope of mount Lawu, Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(3), 1077–1083. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180327
Maas, B., Tscharntke, T., Saleh, S., Putra, D. D., & Clough, Y. (2015). Avian species identity drive predation success in Tropical Cacao agroforestry. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52, 735–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12409
MacKinnon, J. R., Phililipps, K., & Balen, S. (2010). Burung-burung di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Kalimantan. Burung Indonesia.
Magurran, A. E. (1988). Ecological diversity and its measurement. Croom Helm Limited. https://doi.org/10.2307/2403731
Mardiastuti, A. (2020). Urban park design for bird diversity: Theory and application in landscape and site scales. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 501(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/501/1/012026
Nurmaeti, C., Abidin, Z., & Prianto, A. (2018). Keanekaragaman burung pada zona penyangga Taman Nasional gunung Ciremai. Quagga : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Biologi, 10(2), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v10i2.1297
Odum, E. P. (1992). Ekologi sistem: Suatu pengantar. Gadjah Mada Univesity Press.
Odum EP. (1996). Dasar-dasar ekologi edisi ketiga. Gadjah Mada Univesity Press.
Prabowo, W. E., Darras, K., Clough, Y., Toledo-Hernandez, M., Arlettaz, R., Mulyani, Y. A., & Tscharntke, T. (2016). Bird responses to lowland rainforest conversion in Sumatran smallholder landscapes, Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 11(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154876
Putri, F. K., Alicia, F., Noven, H. J., Sholiqin, M., Himawan, W., Javarendra, R. A., Liza, N., Partasasmita, R., Iskandar, J., Naim, D. M., & Setyawan, A. D. (2021). Conservation implication and traditional ecological knowledge on trading bird: A case study in Depok bird market in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(12), 5636–5644. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d221260
Riefani, M. K., & Soendjoto, M. A. (2021). Birds in the west coast of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(1), 278–287. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220134
Rohmatika, D. (2021). Studi keanekaragaman jenis avifauna diurnal area Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Gunung Baung, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
Soendjoto, M. A., & Gunawan, G. (2003). Bird diversity in six habitat types of PT Inhutani I Labanan, East Kalimantan. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 4(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d040207
Subasinghe, K., & Sumanapala, A. P. (2014). Biological and functional diversity of bird communities in natural and human modified habitats in northern flank of Knuckles mountain forest range, Sri Lanka. Biodiversitas, 15(2), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d150212
Wibisono, M., Aji, F. R., Yusuf, D., Kasiman, & Fathurrohman, A. (2017b). Ngeramut Wareh Sapen : Implementasi program konservasi dan keanekaragaman hayati (conservation) hutan blok Sapen berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat di gunung Arjuno Pasuruan. Engagement: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1), 111–124. http://engagement.fkdp.or.id/index.php/engagement/article/view/10
Withaningsih, S., Parikesit, & Alham, R. F. (2020). Diversity of bird species in the coffee agroforestry landscape: Case study in the Pangalengan sub-district, Bandung district, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(6), 2467–2480. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210619
Withaningsih, S., Parikesit, & Fadilah, R. (2022). Diversity of bird species in Pangheotan grassland and mount Masigit Kareumbi Hunting Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(6), 2790–2798. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230602