Baker’s Translation Strategy on God and Self-Related Words and Expressions in The Alchemy of Happiness
Keywords:
Translation, God and Self-related Words and Expressions, Translation Strategy, Self-motivated Book
Abstract
Certain expressions related to something intangible may be difficult to translate and need special translation strategy. The study’s objective is to classify the strategies conducted by translators to translate SL to TL of God and Self-related words and Expressions from English into Indonesian. This research can be a reference for future research on the topic of translation, especially in the discussion of words or above words and expressions. Furthermore, it is insightful research for readers of this research as well as readers of the book to gain some knowledge in translation terms. This qualitative study compares Indonesian and English versions of the book The Alchemy of Happiness. The Indonesian version is translated by Haidar Bagir and the English is the work of Claud field. The results revealed that there were 209 data found. The translation strategies used come from Baker (1992). However, only 3 out of 4 were found in the data. The most strategy used were translation using similar meaning and form with 102 data (48,80%) and the least was translation by paraphrasing with only 27 data (12,92%). The findings show that the translation using similar meaning and form is a functional strategy to translate the God and self-related words and expressions. Moreover, this study has pedagogical implications for translators in general, translators of God-related texts, as well as students and teachers of translation.
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Karimnia, D., & Khodashenas, M. R. (2016). Euphemistic strategies used by Iranian EFL learners: Death and lying in focus. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 4(1), 63-80.
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Leppihalme, R. (1997). Culture bumps: An empirical approach to the translation of allusions (Vol. 10). Multilingual Matters.
Mintzberg, H. (1987). The strategy concept I: Five Ps for strategy. California management review, 30(1), 11-24.
Muthiariny, D. E. (2017). The Translation Strategy of Euphemism in Sycamore Row by John Grisham (An English-Indonesian Novel (Bachelor's thesis).
Newmark, P. (1981). Approaches to translation (Language Teaching methodology senes). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation (Vol. 66). New York: Prentice hall.
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Nila, S. F., & Octavitri, Y. (2020). Translation Techniques of Islamic Terminologies in Bilingual Children Story Books. JURNAL ARBITRER, 7(1), 81-85.
Obeidat, A., & Mahadi, T. S. B. (2020). The English translation of idiomatic collocations in the noble Quran: Problem and solutions. Issues in Language Studies, 9(2), 78-93.
Olimat, S. N. (2018). Developing a model for translating euphemism in the Qur’an: An intratextual-and contextual-based approach. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(6), 101-111.
Panou, D. (2013). Equivalence in translation theories: A critical evaluation. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(1), 1.
Pedersen, J. (2005). How is culture rendered in subtitles? In MuTra Conference Proceedings. Retrieved July 12, 2022, from http://www.euroconferences.info/proceedings/2005_Proceedings/2005_Pedersen_Jan.pdf
Pym, A. (2014). Exploring Translation Theories. Routledge.
Radulović, M. (2012). Expressing values in positive and negative euphemisms. Facta universitatis-series: Linguistics and Literature, 10(1), 19-28.
Rawson, Hug. (1981). A Dictionary of Euphemism and Other Double Talk. New York: Crown Publisher, Inc.
Richards, Jack C. and Theodore S. Rodgers (1986). Approaches and methods in language teaching: A description and analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Saad, M. L. I. H. M., & Halim, Z. A. (2021). Ketidaktepatan Terjemahan Eufemisme dalam al-Quran ke Bahasa Melayu [Inaccuracies of the Translation of Euphemism in the Quran into Malay Language]. BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080), 4(3), 47-61.
Sebkova, Krystina. (2012). Euphemism. Brno: Masaryk university.
Shuttleworth, M., & Cowie, M. (1997). Dictionary of translation studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 192, 193.
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Toury, G. (1995). A lesson from indirect translation. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond, 129-146.
Unseth, P., & Unseth, P. (2006). Watch your language!: translating euphemisms. ATA Chronicle February, 2006, 35-37.
Veisbergs, A. (1989). Phraseology and translation.
Vinay, J. P., & Darbelnet, J. (1995). Comparative stylistics of French and English: A methodology for translation (Vol. 11). John Benjamins Publishing.
Warren, B. (1992). "What euphemisms tell us about the interpretation of words". Studio, Linguistica, 46, (2), pp. 128-17
Anita, A., Nababan, M. R., Santosa, R., & Wibowo, A. H. (2021). THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH SEXUAL EUPHEMISTIC EXPRESSIONS IN DESPERATE DUCHESSES BY ELOISA JAMES. In English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC) Proceedings (Vol. 3, pp. 368-373).
Al-Azzam, B., Al-Ahaydib, M., Alkhowaiter, N., & AlMomani, H. (2017). Social and cultural euphemism in Saudi Arabic: A semantic, a pragmatic and a sociolinguistic analysis. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(2), 64-69.
Al-Ghazzali, A. H. M., Daniel, E. D., & Field, C. (2015). The alchemy of Happiness. Routledge.
AKAT, Ö. G. D. B., & KÜMBÜL, Ö. G. D. T. (2022) Translation of Culture-Bound Items: A Study on The English Version of Latife Tekin’s Berci Kristin Çöp Masallari In The Light Of Jan Pedersen And Mona Baker’s Translation Strategies.
Al-Khasawneh, F. (2018). An intercultural study of euphemistic strategies used in Saudi Arabic and American English. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 217-225.
Allan K, Burridge K. (1991). Euphemism and Dispemism: Language Used as Shield and Weapon. New York: Oxford University Press.
Allen, J. E. (2020). Translating Hebrews 8: 13 into English accurately: some of the difficulties of Bible translation (Doctoral dissertation, University of Birmingham).
Al Noori, B. S. M. (2021) A STUDY OF EUPHEMISM IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE. India & Iraq, 1.
Alqahtani, O. A. (2018). Investigating the Translation of Euphemism in the Quran from Arabic into English. Liverpool John Moores University (United Kingdom).
Al-Shawi, M. A. (2013). Translating Euphemisms: Theory and application. Journal of American Arabic Academy for Sciences and Technology, 4(8), 123-132.
Altakhaineh, A. R. M., & Rahrouh, H. N. (2015). The use of euphemistic expressions by Arab EFL learners: Evidence from Al Ain University of Science and Technology. International Journal of English Linguistics, 5(1), 14-21.
Anthony, Edward M. 1963. Approach, Method, and Technique. English Learning. 17: 63-67. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Beizaee, M., & Suzani, S. M. (2019). A Semantic Study of English Euphemistic Expressions and their Persian Translations in Jane Austen’s Novel “Emma”. International Academic Journal of Humanities, 6(1), 81-93.
Bell, R. T., & Candlin, C. (1991). Translation and translating: Theory and practice (Vol. 298). London: Longman.
Chesterman, A. (1997). Memes of translation. Memes of Translation, 1-237.
Creswell, J. W. (2003). A framework for design. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 9-11.
Cruse, A. (2006). Glossary of semantics and pragmatics. Edinburgh University Press.
Dalamu, T. (2018). Euphemism: The commonplace of advertising culture. Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture, 40, e41107.
Dictionary, M. W. (2012). Merriam-Webster dictionary, Merriam-Webster.
ERGUVAN, F. (2018). Equivalence at Word Level in the Translation of Boris Pasternak’s Novel “Doctor Zhivago” from Russian to Turkish Language. Journal in Humanities, 7(1), 37-49.
Fitriani, E. (2020). Errors found on the English translation sentences of the third-year students of English at Ikip Budi Utomo. Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 3(1), 36-45.
Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English language teaching. Essex, England: Longman.
Harper, D. (2012). Online Etymology Dictionary. Accessed May 31.
Jakobson, R. (2013). On linguistic aspects of translation. In On translation (pp. 232-239). Harvard University Press.
Japhari, S. (2019). Translation of the Book Titled ‘Authentication of Hadith: Redefining the Criteria’ From English Into Swahili: An Analysis of Translation Procedures. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation (IJLLT).
Kanyane, F. M. (2021). A critical exploration of the usage of euphemism and hyperbole in the Sesotho sa Leboa translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom. South African Journal of African Languages, 41(1), 89-96.
Karimnia, D., & Khodashenas, M. R. (2016). Euphemistic strategies used by Iranian EFL learners: Death and lying in focus. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 4(1), 63-80.
Kuhiwczak, P., & Littau, K. (Eds.). (2007). A companion to translation studies. Multilingual Matters.
Larson, S. C. (1984). Pragmatics. Cambridge, GB: Cambridge University Press.
Larson, M. L. (1984). Meaning-based translation: A guide to cross-language equivalence (Vol. 366). Lanham, MD: University press of America.
Leppihalme, R. (1997). Culture bumps: An empirical approach to the translation of allusions (Vol. 10). Multilingual Matters.
Mintzberg, H. (1987). The strategy concept I: Five Ps for strategy. California management review, 30(1), 11-24.
Muthiariny, D. E. (2017). The Translation Strategy of Euphemism in Sycamore Row by John Grisham (An English-Indonesian Novel (Bachelor's thesis).
Newmark, P. (1981). Approaches to translation (Language Teaching methodology senes). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation (Vol. 66). New York: Prentice hall.
Nida, E. A., & Taber, C. R. (Eds.). (1982). The theory and practice of translation (Vol. 8). Brill Archive.
Nila, S. F., & Octavitri, Y. (2020). Translation Techniques of Islamic Terminologies in Bilingual Children Story Books. JURNAL ARBITRER, 7(1), 81-85.
Obeidat, A., & Mahadi, T. S. B. (2020). The English translation of idiomatic collocations in the noble Quran: Problem and solutions. Issues in Language Studies, 9(2), 78-93.
Olimat, S. N. (2018). Developing a model for translating euphemism in the Qur’an: An intratextual-and contextual-based approach. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(6), 101-111.
Panou, D. (2013). Equivalence in translation theories: A critical evaluation. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(1), 1.
Pedersen, J. (2005). How is culture rendered in subtitles? In MuTra Conference Proceedings. Retrieved July 12, 2022, from http://www.euroconferences.info/proceedings/2005_Proceedings/2005_Pedersen_Jan.pdf
Pym, A. (2014). Exploring Translation Theories. Routledge.
Radulović, M. (2012). Expressing values in positive and negative euphemisms. Facta universitatis-series: Linguistics and Literature, 10(1), 19-28.
Rawson, Hug. (1981). A Dictionary of Euphemism and Other Double Talk. New York: Crown Publisher, Inc.
Richards, Jack C. and Theodore S. Rodgers (1986). Approaches and methods in language teaching: A description and analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Saad, M. L. I. H. M., & Halim, Z. A. (2021). Ketidaktepatan Terjemahan Eufemisme dalam al-Quran ke Bahasa Melayu [Inaccuracies of the Translation of Euphemism in the Quran into Malay Language]. BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences (e-ISSN: 2600-9080), 4(3), 47-61.
Sebkova, Krystina. (2012). Euphemism. Brno: Masaryk university.
Shuttleworth, M., & Cowie, M. (1997). Dictionary of translation studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 192, 193.
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Toury, G. (1995). A lesson from indirect translation. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond, 129-146.
Unseth, P., & Unseth, P. (2006). Watch your language!: translating euphemisms. ATA Chronicle February, 2006, 35-37.
Veisbergs, A. (1989). Phraseology and translation.
Vinay, J. P., & Darbelnet, J. (1995). Comparative stylistics of French and English: A methodology for translation (Vol. 11). John Benjamins Publishing.
Warren, B. (1992). "What euphemisms tell us about the interpretation of words". Studio, Linguistica, 46, (2), pp. 128-17
Published
2023-07-24
How to Cite
Rohmawati, I., Tabiati, S., & Hariyanto, S. (2023). Baker’s Translation Strategy on God and Self-Related Words and Expressions in The Alchemy of Happiness. Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 6(2), 272-282. https://doi.org/10.33503/journey.v6i2.2769
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2023 Inayah Ahyana Rohmawati
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